Berlin has grown up fast. Capital of a reunited Germany only since 1999, it has already earned its international spurs and no longer has to settle for being simply German. Visitors can leave Berlin without having experienced Germany: American musicals, Babylonian mosaics, French bakeries and Norman Foster creations are comfortably integrated into the buildings of Schinkel and the operas of Wagner. The city that needed a long period in rehab for some serious occupation therapy is now confident enough to woo British architects, Italian designers and Polish restorers to join the burgeoining multinational community. But though reunified Berlin has undergone a level of transformation rivalled only by post-Mao Tse Tung Shanghai, it has stuck to its principles. The capital of counter culture and inspiration for the likes of David Bowie and Iggy Pop has lost none of its radical, cutting edge reputation. Eastern wastelands are now "Ossi cool", where thousands of disused buildings have become squats for underground parties and art galleries.

Planners are bringing back to life the wastelands that once scarred this capital of divided alliances. Not only is Berlin attempting to build a mini Manhattan in its business zones, a gentrified NYC TriBeCa in residential Mitte and a London with its new government buildings in Mitte and Tiergarten, but it is bravely facing up to its past by commemorating holocaust victims on land that had visually marked its urban and political dichotomy. It is also celebrating its past. The former Parliament is back in action and, though the royal family is not, their statues are back and their palaces are now open to all. Trams once ridiculed in the West as a noisy legacy of communism are quietly extending their routes all over the city. Only the Nazi era is buried and covered with the rubble that marked its final days. The height and size of Berlin's new buildings as well as the pedigree of their architects show the city has no doubt about its long-term future. Much of the 20th century will, in due course, be remembered by historians as a grim aberration. New generations will hopefully continue Berlin's pioneering spirit at the speed dictated by those in power in the 1990s.